一、影响资本成本(capital cost)的因素
掌握目标就是外和内各三因素,标题背过,后面的文字是解释某因素具体是如何影响资本成本的,是影响债务还是股权还是都有,这个大家理解即可,自己会分析就行。
(猪猪提醒:上年真题对WACC的英文进行了考察,因此猪猪在此对关键词语的英文列明,希望大家把这种基础简单的单词背过)
1.外部因素(external factors):
(1)利率(interest rate)。市场利率上升,资本成本上升。利率下降,公司资本成本也会下降。(The cost of capital will rise as the market interest rates rise.The cost of capital will go down as the market interest rates go down.)
(2)税率(tax rate)。税率变化能影响税后债务成本以及公司加权平均资本成本。(Changes in tax rates can affect the cost of debt and the company's weighted average cost of capital.)
(3)市场风险溢价(market risk premium)。根据资本资产定价模型可以看出,市场风险溢价会影响股权成本。股权成本上升时,各公司会增加债务筹资,并推动债务成本上升。市场风险溢价既影响股权成本,又影响债务成本,并且是同方向变化。(According to the capital asset pricing model, the market risk premium will affect the cost of equity. When the cost of equity rises, the companies would increase the debt financing, which will push up the cost of debt. Market risk premium affect both the cost of equity and the cost of debt,and the influence is in the same direction.)
2.内部因素(internal factors):
(1)资本结构(capital structure)。增加债务的比重,会使平均资本成本趋于降低,同时会加大公司的财务风险,财务风险的提高,又会引起债务成本和权益成本上升。因此,公司应适度负债,寻求资本成本最小化的资本结构。( If we Increase the proportion of debt, it will tend to reduce the average cost of capital.Meanwhile, it will increase the financial risk . The improving of the company's financial risk would lead to the rising of the debt cost and the cost of equity. Therefore, the company should take a moderate debt policy, and seek the capital structure which can minimize the cost of capital.)
(2)股利政策(dividend policy)。根据股利折现模型,它是决定权益资本成本的因素之一。公司改变股利政策,就会引起权益成本的变化。(According to the dividend discount model, it is one of the factors determining the cost of equity capital. The change of company's dividend policy will lead to changes in the cost of equity.)
(3)投资政策(investment policy)。公司的资本成本反映现有资产的平均风险。如果公司向高于现有资产风险的项目投资,公司资产的平均风险就会提高,并使得资本成本上升。因此,公司投资政策发生变化对资本成本就会发生变化。(The company's cost of capital reflects the average risk of existing assets. If companies invest a project which has a higher-risk compared with existing assets , the average risk of the company's assets will increase, and it will lead to the raise of the cost of capital. Therefore, changes in the investment policies will lead to the change of the cost of capital.)
二、影响资本结构的因素
这个可以纳入资本成本因素那个体系(内部因素第一个),算是一个引子,如下诸多因素都可以影响资本结构,企业应统筹谋划,以期实现合理的目标资本结构,实现企业价值的最大化。
1.外部因素:税率(Taxrate),利率(Interest rate),资本市场(Capital Market),行业特征(Industry Characteristic)。
2.内部因素:营业收入,成长性,资产结构,盈利能力,管理层偏好,财务灵活性,股权结构。(Operating income, growth, asset structure, profit ability,management preferences, financial flexibility, equity structure.)